There are four books from Jewish antiquity that are known by the name “Maccabees.” These four books are from different authors and have no clear relationship to each other. The word Maccabees refers to a certain Jewish family of the second century B.C., particularly to Mattathias and his sons John, Simon, Judas, Eleazar, and Jonathan. Of these sons, Judas was the most important and best known. He was given the Aramaic name “Maccabeus” (meaning
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